-- card: 3610 from stack: in
-- bmap block id: 4274
-- flags: 0000
-- background id: 2600
-- name: 


-- part contents for background part 22
----- text -----
A  Hopf  bifurcation  occurs when a fixed point of a dynamical system loses stability to
• a limit cycle, in the case of a continuous system
• an aperiodic orbit, in the case of a discrete map.

(e.g. Guckenheimer & Holmes "Nonlinear oscillations, dynamical systems and bifurcations of vector fields" Applied Maths. Sci., vol. 42, 1983)

It introduces a new frequency into the "flow" of the dynamical system.